Aristotle's History of Animals


Page 12 of 14



[Pg 304]

INDEX.

  • .
  • , Vitex agnus castus, a tree like a willow, the branches of which the matrons strewed on their beds at the Thesmophoria, 266.
  • , a small kind of domestic fowl, 138.
  • , a kind of owl. Stryx aluco, Strack, 249. Brown Owl. There is also another migratory kind mentioned, 249, which does not hoot.
  • , the Botian name of the Merops, M. apiaster, 138.
  • , or , Eagle, hence the Latin avis, 9, 61;
  • its eggs and young, 146;
  • two species, the Pygargus halitus, and the black eagle, Aquila anataria or Falco nvius, ib.;
  • several species, 201, 250;
  • used in augury, 217;
  • eats serpents, 231;
  • food and manners, 251;
  • true eagles, Falco chrysaetos, ib.;
  • the eagle kills the heron, 233;
  • it fights with the vulture and the swan, ib.;
  • a kind of eagle in Scythia, 252.
  • , nightingale, Sylvia luscinia, its song, 95, 96;
  • reproduction, 108;
  • its tongue, 246;
  • changes its song and colour, 276.
  • , Atherina presbyter, Spratt's Lycia, or A. vera, in modern Greek atherno, 159;
  • its reproduction, 160, 234.
  • , Parus, Tit or Titmouse, eats worms, 202;
  • three species, ib.;
  • lays many eggs, 246;
  • an enemy to bees, 265;
  • , parus major, Strack. , Parus ater, Strack, or P. caudatus. , Parus cruleus.
  • , Bunting, Emberiza, Strack, or hedge sparrow or Parus cruleus, dislikes the ass, builds in hedges, 232;
  • hostile to the anthus and acanthis, 233;
  • its food and young, 246.
  • , goat sucker, Caprimulgus Europus, 250.
  • , Stryx otus, Strack, 39.
  • , the Vulture, it is hostile to the salon (small hawk), 9, 23;
  • and fights with the eagle, ib.
  • , Egypt, the Egyptians batch eggs in manure, 139;
  • two kinds of Egyptian mice, one with stiff hair (Hierax, or Aulacodus Swinderianus), another with long hind legs (Jerboa, or Cavia), 178;
  • the care of animals among the Egyptians, 231;
  • a large kind of oxen in Egypt, 226;
  • asp and ichneumon, 238;
  • white and black ibis, 242.
  • , a night bird of prey, Stryx passerina, Strack, or S. flammea. Camus. La chouette, little owl, 201;
  • kills the calaris, [Pg 305] 232;
  • its habit and mode of life, 247;
  • in p. 139 this bird is called .
  • , a cartilaginous fish, one of the class selache, Raia aquila, 104.
  • , thiopia, winged serpents in thiopia, probably Draco volans, 9;
  • thiopian sheep, 165.
  • , thiopian, teeth, 60;
  • semen, 72, 188.
  • , a large waterbird, Larus parasiticus, or L. Marinus, Strack, or L. argentatus, 2;
  • its reproduction, 108;
  • food, 203.
  • , cat, Felis cattus, copulation, 103;
  • its young, food, and mode of life, 177;
  • kills birds, 239.
  • , or , a kind of shell fish, perhaps Murex, 85, 86.
  • , goat, male and female, Ibex or wild goat, Spratt's Lycia, Caper hircus, Strack, 13, 27, 28, 31, 66;
  • the she goats of ta, 70;
  • the he goat in Lemnos, ib.;
  • it is mentioned with the chimra or domestic goat in 71;
  • dreams, 97;
  • infested with ticks, 134;
  • discharges of the female, 163, 164;
  • gestation, 165;
  • food, drink, &c., 207;
  • the wild goat, 225;
  • Syrian Caper hircus Mambricus and Lycian goat, C. Angorensis, ib.;
  • Egyptian, 226;
  • its mode of life, 235;
  • wild goats in Crete, 238;
  • rumination, 278.
  • , a water bird, probably Tantalus arquatus, Strack, Scolopax Gallinago, 208.
  • , a small hawk, perhaps sparrow-hawk or merlin, Falco salon, 253.
  • , see .
  • , Medusa, and probably also some species of Actinia, 2, 3;
  • fixed and locomotive kinds, 87, 88;
  • small and edible species, others large and hard, 88;
  • a fleshy kind, 195;
  • a large kind, its food, mouth, and anus, 198.
  • , a kind of shark, Squalus Acanthias, Strack, 256.
  • , thistle finch or gold finch, Fringilla carduelis, or Fringilla cannabina, Strack, or F. spinus, brown linnet, 202;
  • hates the ass, lives on worms, 233;
  • a foe to the anthus and githus, 234;
  • its food, colour, song, 247.
  • , Parus pendulinus, or caudatus, Strack, 202;
  • its nest, 245.
  • , mite, Dermestes fatidicus, or perhaps Bostrichus, Strack, 135.
  • , locust, Tetigonia, Strack. Acridium, 89, 95;
  • its birth, 123;
  • reproduction, 132;
  • changes its skin, 216;
  • it is said to contend with serpents, 238;
  • the Spex lacerticida corresponds with this description, Schneider.
  • , the acorn of the evergreen oak, used for fattening pigs, 206.
  • , the domestic hen, Phasianus gallus, different kinds, 111, 138;
  • sometimes produces soft eggs, 139;
  • chickens, 140, 141;
  • barren eggs, and times of laying, ib.;
  • growth of the chick in the egg, 142;
  • twin eggs, 144;
  • the hen sometimes takes the form of the cock, 215;
  • rolls in the dust, 277.
  • , domestic fowl, male, also used of the class, 5;
  • his comb, 36;
  • crop, 45;
  • appendages to intestines, ib.;
  • crowing, 96;
  • manner of coition, 102;
  • appearances like ova when cut open, 139;
  • testicles, 148;
  • habits in temples, 241;
  • sometimes they assume the form and habits of hens, 275;
  • method of castration, 277.
  • , sea-eagle, different from the osprey, perhaps Aquila albicilla or Falco halitus, 203, 251, 253.
  • , Alcedo, kingfisher, or perhaps Turdus arundinaceus, reproduction, 107, 108;
  • two species described, 203;
  • materials and form [Pg 306]of its nest, 246.
  • It is doubtful whether either of the species is our kingfisher. Schneider.
  • , probably a species of Zoophyte Alcyonia, 246.
  • , fox, Canis vulpes, 6, 29;
  • it breeds with the Laconian dogs, 227;
  • attacks the heron, 233;
  • is friendly with the crow, ib.;
  • a troglodyte, ib.
  • , Vampire, Vespertilio caninus, Strack, V. dinops or Sciurus volans, 9;
  • reproduction, 177;
  • it hunts mice, 178.
  • , a cartilaginous fish, reproduction, 149;
  • represents a class, 151;
  • Egyptian species, 226;
  • stratagems, 255.
  • , a kind of tunny, mackerel, Scomber, Strack, 4, 40, 91;
  • its rapid growth, 160, 199, 200;
  • lives in bays, 211;
  • and enters rivers, 218;
  • its teeth and mode of defence, 255.
  • , Amygdala communis, almond tree, 268;
  • almonds, 242.
  • , a migratory sea fish, also called , Scomber ala longa, 159;
  • gregarious, 234;
  • also called sacred, 255.
  • , yellow bunting, Emberiza citrinella, Strack, Motacilla barula, 202;
  • feeds in meadows, imitates the neighing of the horse, 233;
  • hostile to the acanthis and githus, ib.;
  • it lives by the side of rivers, 244.
  • , wild bee, Apis terrestris, or Vespa crabro, 88;
  • the larv, 124;
  • reproduction, 130;
  • a diligent insect, 258;
  • makes honey, 260;
  • its manners and habits, 270.
  • , the pear tree, 126.
  • , a dark-coloured sponge, 119.
  • , various reading for , Murex, or Natica.
  • , swift, Hirundo apus, 4;
  • also called , 271.
  • , spider, 5, 85, 135;
  • its web, reproduction, 123, 131, 132;
  • is driven away by its young, 131;
  • it sucks its prey, 213;
  • is eaten by the lizard, 232;
  • four kinds, 258, 259.
  • , Salticus scenicus—The smaller kind Dolomedes mirabilis—the larger Lycosa ruricola, another Dolomedes fimbriatus.
  • , bear, Ursus Arctus, 25, 27, 29, 42;
  • coition, 102;
  • at this time it becomes fierce, 161;
  • period of gestation, imperfect young, 175;
  • mode of drinking, 205;
  • hybernation, 215;
  • eats the arum, ib.;
  • the females courageous, 230;
  • its habits, 237.
  • , a crustacean, perhaps Cancer spinosissimus, Strack, Scyllaris arctus, reproduction, 121;
  • its food and manner of seizing it, 205.
  • , a bird of prey, falcon, lives near the sea, and attacks the gull and brenthus, 232;
  • the piphinx and ictinus are friendly to it, 234;
  • its mode of life, attacks the eyes of its prey, 247.
  • , a fish, see .
  • , lizard, Lacerta Gecko, Stellio veterum, 160;
  • it lives in holes, 213;
  • changes its skin, 216;
  • its bite poisonous in some parts of Italy, 227;
  • it eats spiders, 232;
  • it can walk in an inverted position, 242.
  • , probably some kind of owl, Stryx ulula, 45.
  • , Scolopax gallinago, snipe, Strack, (Schneider disapproves of this identification), S. phopus, 249.
  • See .
  • , ascaris, intestinal worm, 124.
  • , the larva of the empis (gnat), 125.
  • , mole, Talpa vulgaris, lives in holes, 5;
  • its eyes, 13, 90;
  • there are many in Botia, none in Lebadia, 225.
  • , Coluber aspis, asp, from [Pg 307] which a poison is made in Lybia, 227;
  • in Egypt it is attacked by the ichneumon, 238.
  • , lobster, Cancer Gammarus, and Astacus, 138;
  • compared with the spiny lobster, 77, 78, 79;
  • a small fresh-water species, Astacus fluviatilis, crayfish, 86;
  • its reproduction, 106, 121;
  • changes its shell, 217.
  • , a raisin used for feeding cattle, 206.
  • , a cartilaginous fish, 109, 151.
  • Squalus asterias.
  • , a hawk, 109, 151, 253.
  • , Ardea stellaris, bittern, 233.
  • , star-fish, Uraster rubens, 118.
  • , a plant, asphodel, A. ramosus, 260.
  • , a plant of the thistle tribe, Carthamus creticus.
  • , grouse, Tetrao bonasia, or T. attagen, 249;
  • it lives on the ground, 276.
  • , a kind of locust, Gryllus, 123;
  • reproduction and death, 133.
  • , the same as , 159.
  • , the young tunny, 160.
  • , plant, a kind of vetch, 208.
  • , fish spawn, 157.
  • , anchovy or sardine, Melanurus juvenculus, 157,
  • its origin, ib.;
  • other kinds, ib.;
  • in modern Greek .
  • , a variety of large stag with a strong mane, Strack; a brocket, or two-year old stag, from his single-pointed horns, Liddell and Scott, 39, 237.
  • , a sea fish, Anarrhicas rufus, 200;
  • does not bear heat, 218.
  • , the male grasshopper, Cicada Orni, 89.
  • , a kind of wild pear, Pyrus communis, 206, 268.
  • , a fresh-water fish, Cobitis barbus, 98.
  • , Balanus, Cirripede, acorn shell, 94, 117.
  • , acorn, 221.
  • , a fresh-water fish, Cyprinus blicca, 156, 219;
  • , , , are various readings.
  • , also called trochilus, and presbys, lives in holes, 244;
  • has a bright crest, 202;
  • probably Regulus Cristatus, golden-crested wren, or Sylvia troglodytes.
  • , a bird that frequents bushes, Sylvia rubicola, eats worms, 202;
  • mentioned with finch and sparrow.
  • , a fish, the prickly roach, Liddell and Scott, 149, 152.
  • , ray, Raia batos, not the skate, which is perhaps leiobatos, 8, 37;
  • its manner of coition, 104;
  • it does not receive its young into itself, 150, 151;
  • it lives in holes, 214;
  • its manner of taking its prey, 255.
  • , frog, Rana esculenta and R. temporaria, 3, 39, 87;
  • croaks, 96;
  • the female larger than the male, 100;
  • coition, 103;
  • tadpole, 154;
  • its united spawn, 155;
  • spoken of as a class, 196;
  • no croaking frogs in Cyrene, 225;
  • marsh frogs are foes to bees, 261.
  • , a cartilaginous fish, Lophius piscatorius and L. barbatus, 8, 37, 38, 40;
  • among the selache, 104;
  • oviparous, 148, 150;
  • it produces many young, 159.
  • , fish, Syngnathus acus, 40;
  • its reproduction, 109, 154, 160;
  • gregarious, 234;
  • the Halcyon builds its nest with the bones of this fish.
  • , cephalopod, Eledone moschites, Leach, 76;
  • also called ; it does not exist in the Euripus, 256.
  • , Apis cementaria, or also Megachile muraria, and Bombus [Pg 308]terrestris, forms an angular cell of mud, 131.
  • , larva of silk worm, 124;
  • the humble bee, 260, 271.
  • , silkworm.
  • , Antelope bonassus, or Bos Urus, Bison, 26, 28;
  • its country, form, habits, hunting, 273.
  • , Anas boscas, or A. Crecca, 203.
  • , insect, Lampyris noctiluca, Strack, 125.
  • , Antilope Gnou, 58.
  • , Bos taurus, Ox, 5, 27, 28, 29, 30, 41, 62;
  • milk, 69;
  • dreams, 97;
  • lowing of the bull, 100, 112;
  • coition, 103;
  • tormented with lice, 135;
  • sexual desires, 161, 162;
  • discharges and urine of the cow, 163;
  • reproductive powers of bull, 168;
  • the castrated animal is taught to lead the herd, ib.;
  • teeth, milk, and habits, ib.;
  • veins in the embryo, 190;
  • mode of drinking, 205;
  • care of the ox, 206;
  • red cattle of Epirus, 207;
  • diseases, 219, 222;
  • the ox drinks pure water, 224;
  • Egyptian oxen, 226;
  • habits, 236;
  • wild oxen, B. Bubalus, 26;
  • one species of ox has a bone in its heart, 39;
  • oxen in Phrygia which can move their horns, 61;
  • small oxen in Phasis, 71;
  • oxen in Epirus, ib.;
  • in Tortona, 72;
  • the cow brings forth at a year old, 113;
  • Syrian oxen, 226;
  • castration of the young, 278;
  • rumination, ib.
  • , a cartilaginous fish, Raia cornuta, 104, 152.
  • , a sea-bird, Anas tadorna, hostile to the larus and harpa, 232;
  • makes its nest in hills and woody places, 244.
  • , a large owl, Stryx bubo, 201.
  • , alg, both fresh-water and marine, 155, 200, 220.
  • , an echinite, Scutella, 102.
  • , Corvus monedula, 248
  • , a gregarious fish, Sparus boops, 234;
  • contracted from , from the sound it makes.
  • , a kind of smooth shell-fish, mya pictorum, 82.
  • , a cartilaginous fish, Squalus galeus and charachias, Strack, or Gadus lota, 8, 44, 49, 108, 149, 151;
  • uterus and ova, 150;
  • receives its young into itself, ib.;
  • not found in the Pyrrhan Euripus, 256.
  • , fish of the shark kind, 37, 40, 41;
  • placed under the selache, 104, 149;
  • the males have appendages, 104;
  • the uterus, 149;
  • galei and galeodes, 151.
  • , weasel, martin, polecat, Mustela Faro, M. Erminea, M. vulgaris, 20;
  • the wild kind hunts mice, 178;
  • hostile to the crow, 232;
  • it attacks serpents, 233;
  • in Poroselene, 225;
  • it fights with serpents, especially with those called myother, 238;
  • its form compared with the ictis, 239;
  • eats birds' eggs, 232;
  • mode of attacking its prey, 238.
  • , crane, Ardea grus, 2, 4, 64;
  • coition, 102;
  • migrations of the male bird, 209;
  • they migrate after the quails, ib.;
  • the fable of the stone they are said to carry, 210;
  • gregarious, ib.;
  • migrations, leaders, prudence, 243;
  • they fight with each other, the number of their eggs, 245.
  • , the offspring of a mule with a mare or she ass, 11;
  • see .
  • , a fresh-water fish, Silurus glanis, Strack, 9, 38, 40, 219;
  • conjoined spawn, 155:
  • two species, the greater and the smaller, the male watches the spawn, ib.;
  • size of the ova, 156;
  • diseases, 219;
  • unfit to eat when in spawn, the [Pg 309]female better than the male, 229;
  • the male watches the young, breaks the hook with its teeth, 256.
  • , Hyna striata, 204.
  • , a fish of a grey colour, Gobius Gozo, Strack, 44;
  • marine, 211;
  • it lives in holes during the summer, 214;
  • when good for food, 228.
  • , birds of the owl kind, 36.
  • , owl, 39, 45;
  • has crooked claws, 201;
  • how it may be taken, 210;
  • lives in holes, 215;
  • hostile to the crow and orchilus, 232;
  • is pecked by smaller birds, used in hawking, ib.;
  • the time for taking the owl, 252.
  • , a bird, Rallus crex, Strack, Scolopax glottis, see and its tongue and migrations, 210.
  • , probably some Indian bird, its form and food, Ampelis garrulus, 246.
  • , true eagles, Aquila Chrysaetos, 251.
  • , conger, Murna conger, 8, 37, 38, 40, 41, 61;
  • its ova and fat, 160;
  • it is destroyed by the spiny lobster, but destroys the polypus, 198;
  • its food, 199;
  • black and white kinds, 211;
  • lives in holes, 213;
  • it is attacked by the murna, 235;
  • compared with the sea serpent, 255.
  • , a crustacean, Dromia lanosa, 217.
  • , or , Vultur barbatus, see , 251.
  • , tadpole, 154.
  • , vulture, Vultur cinereus, or V. fulvus, eggs and nest, 145, 243;
  • its food, two kinds of vulture, 201.
  • , a fish, scina umbra, 199.
  • , hare, Lepus timidus, and L. cuniculus, 5, 29, 49, 58, 64, 71;
  • coition, 102;
  • superfetation, 108;
  • reproduction, 176, 186;
  • in Ithaca, 225;
  • smaller in Egypt, 226;
  • another species near Lake Bolba, 41.
  • , dolphin, Delphinus delphis, 7, 13, 29, 37, 40, 46, 47, 59, 69, 91, 92, 93, 95;
  • its sleep, 98;
  • the fish called follows the dolphin, 135;
  • reproduction, 104, 152;
  • it breathes air, 196;
  • food, 200;
  • throws itself on its back to take its prey, ib.;
  • dolphin in the Pontus, 212;
  • gentle habits, 274;
  • its speed, it sometimes throws itself on the shore, 275.
  • , plant, dittany, 238;
  • origanum Dictammum, Lin.
  • , Antelope dorcas, 26.
  • , a sea fish, Trachinus draco, lives near the shore, 211.
  • , a species of serpent in fresh water, attacks the glanis, 219;
  • is hostile to the eagle, 231;
  • sucks the juice of the herb picris, 238.
  • , perhaps the sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, 4.
  • , migratory fish, perhaps some species of tunny, 4, 155.
  • , woodpecker, 202;
  • three kinds, Picus varius, P. viridis, P. martius, 242;
  • habits, ib.
  • , the parent of the Apua, Clupea encrasicolus, Strack, 157.
  • , eel, Murna anguilla, 8, 37, 40, 41, 61, 66, 93;
  • is neither male nor female, 99;
  • the so-called male and female are different species, 97;
  • migrates to the sea to spawn, 156;
  • its origin, 158;
  • description and habits, 200, 201;
  • those called female are better for food, 229.
  • , the flower of the olive, 127, 133, 216, 242. [Pg 310]
  • , stag, Cervus Elaphus, 5, 26, 27, 28;
  • those called Achan, 39, 237;
  • blood, 58, 67;
  • horns, 60, 236, 237;
  • the female, 100;
  • coition, 103, 174;
  • voice, 112;
  • habits, 236, 237;
  • the castrated animal, 278;
  • rumination, ib.
  • , Emberiza arundinacea, or Turdus arundinaceus, Strack, or E. schnilus, 246.
  • , a migratory fish, 234.
  • , Eledone cirhosa, Leach, (Owen, in Cyclopdia of Anatomy), 76.
  • , dormouse, Myoxus Avellanarius; or perhaps squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, lives in holes in trees, 216.
  • , a kind of hawk, 253; probably an incorrect reading.
  • , an owl, Stryx Aluco, Strack, see , 201.
  • , Elephas Indicus, 5, 13, 14, 24, 26, 28, 29, 40, 43, 46, 61, 72;
  • voice, 96;
  • reproduction, 103, 115, 161, 173;
  • food, 207;
  • life and diseases, 222, 224;
  • strength, 234;
  • capture, ib.;
  • habits, docility, 274.
  • , a fish with four simple branchia, sword fish or sturgeon, Liddell and Scott, Centriscus scolopax, Strack, Accipenser stellatus, 37;
  • , 40.
  • , worms, especially intestinal worms, tnia and lumbricus, some exist in sponges, 119;
  • origin, 123;
  • three kinds, flat worms, round worms, ascarides, 124;
  • worms in snow, Podura nivalis, 126;
  • some insect larv are described as worms, 135;
  • small worms in eels, 158;
  • worms in dogs, Tnia sevrata, 238.
  • , gnat, larger than , Tabanus, or Phryganea, Strack, 3, 9, 206.
  • , Testudo coriacea, fresh-water tortoise, Emys lutraria, 39;
  • reproduction, 136;
  • habits, 194, 216.
  • or , probably sea bream, Sparus, Strack, Sparus Rayi, 153.
  • , the decomposing matter in which eels have their origin, 158.
  • , insects, as a class, 3, 10, 73, 123.
  • , otter, Lutra vulgaris, 2;
  • its food, 205.
  • or , Sylvia curruca, Strack, or perhaps hedge sparrow, 202.
  • , hoopoe, Upupa Epops, 1;
  • its nest, 138;
  • lives in woods and mountains, 244;
  • changes its colour, 246, 276.
  • , a plant, leguminous seeds, Ervum sativum, 221.
  • , bee bread, 267.
  • , Sylvia erithacus, or S. Phnicurus, Strack, Redstart, 202;
  • in its summer plumage called Phnicurus, 276.
  • , wild fig tree, 136.
  • , Thymus serpyllum, wild thyme, 261.
  • , a red kind of mullet, Perea marina, Sparus Erythrymus, Strack, Perea scriba, all have roes, there are no males, 99, 153, 211.
  • , heron, Ardea major, 203;
  • a foe to the woodpecker, 212;
  • three kinds, , the black, Ardea cinerea, , the white, A. egretta, , A. stellaris, 233, 247;
  • a friend of the crow, 323.
  • , maggots in flesh.
  • , ephemera, insect, 10, 126.
  • , probably Goby or Blenny, Forbes in Spratt's Lycia, not the Remora, which was unknown to the ancients. Echeneis remora, Strack, 38.
  • , viper, Coluber vivipara, C. verus, 10;
  • hides under stones, 213.
  • , Echinus Esculentus, Forbes in Spratt's Lycia, 86. [Pg 311]
  • , sea urchin, Echinus lividus; another species, with hard spines, is Cidaris hystrix, also a long species, Amphidetus Mediterraneus, Forbes, 10, 11;
  • eatable kinds, 86;
  • small species, E. saxatilis; white species at Torone, E. decadactylus, ib., 87, 94;
  • at what season they are full of ova, 110.
  • , hedgehog, Erinaceus Europus, 10, 46, 61, 81;
  • coition, 102;
  • changes the entrance of its hole when the wind changes, 239.
  • , a serpent, Coluber vivipara, Vipera Reedii, viviparous, 49;
  • reproduction, 137;
  • how captured, 204;
  • changes its skin, 216;
  • becomes more poisonous by eating scorpions, 227.
  • , a small fish, Atherina Hepsetus, Strack, 156.
  • , a shark, Squalus Zygna, Strack, 40.
  • , a lizard, see , 223.
  • , several small animals, 135.
  • 1. Tinea pellionella.
  • 2. T. sarcitella.
  • 3. Psorus pulsatorius.
  • 4. T. graminella.
  • , several unnamed animals.
  • 1. A small crustacean in shell fish, perhaps Pinnotheres, 86.
  • 2. marine creatures like small pieces of wood, Veretillum, 89.
  • 3. marine creatures like shields, Alcyonium, 89.
  • 4. marine creatures like , Pennatula, 89.
  • 5. winged creatures produced from maggots in pulse, Bruchus, 126.
  • , mule, offspring of horse and wild ass, the female larger and more long lived, 99, 170;
  • the so-called mules of Syria, Equus hemionus, 11, 172, 177.
  • , a fish so called from its colour, Theutis hepatus, Strack, Stromatos fiatola, 44.
  • , moth, Tinea mellonella, 225.
  • , Heracleotic crab, has a long tail, 77, 81.
  • , a shoot of a plant, especially the olive, 208.
  • , animals larger than flies in fire, 126;
  • animals which destroy honey-combs, 225;
  • an animal like a moth, ib.
  • , black shore weed, fucus, 211.
  • , a small bird like a goldfinch, Fringilla Carduelis, or F. Cannabina, 202.
  • , a fish with prickly scales, 256.
  • , timber worm, 207.
  • , thyme, Thymus vulgaris, 266.
  • , the female tunny, 108, 109;
  • aged, 160;
  • food, 200;
  • migration, 211;
  • gregarious, 234.
  • , tunny fish, Scomber Thynnus, 4, 38;
  • sleeps, 98;
  • swims in shoals, 108;
  • male and female, ib.;
  • reproduction, 109, 135;
  • life, 149;
  • they appear to be a year older than the pelamys, 160;
  • food, 199;
  • migrates after the scombri, 209;
  • when best for food, 211;
  • migrations, 212;
  • how concealed, 214;
  • delights in warmth, 219;
  • old fish unfit for salting, their weight, 228.
  • , jackal or ounce, Felis onza, or perhaps Canis aureus, Strack, 42;
  • habits, 177;
  • hates the lion, 234;
  • carnivorous, ib.;
  • several kinds, 272.
  • , Tantalus Ibis, Strack, two species, white, Tantalus sacer, and black, T. falcinellus, 249. [Pg 312]
  • , hawk, 9, 39, 40;
  • incubation, 146;
  • like the cuckoo, 146, 147;
  • the young good to eat, 147;
  • a kind which builds in rocks, ib.;
  • three species, 201;
  • enumeration of species, 253;
  • the Egyptian hawk, 226;
  • its nest, 243;
  • does not eat the heart of birds, ib.
  • or , a kind of serpent, 228.
  • , kite, Falco milvius, 39, 40;
  • incubation, 146;
  • food, 201;
  • drink, 203;
  • migration, 215;
  • a foe to the raven, 232.
  • , weasel or ferret, Mustela furo, 29;
  • habits, 239.
  • , a kind of thrush, gregarious, Turdus iliaceus, Strack, 248;
  • this identification is very doubtful, Schneider.
  • , a kind of thrush, Turdus viscivorus, Strack, 248.
  • , miseltoe, 248.
  • , hinnus, the offspring of a horse and she ass, 163.
  • , a red fish, Labrus Iulis, Strack, 234.
  • , Iulus, scolopendra, centipede, 73.
  • , giraffe, Giraffa cameleopardalis, 26.
  • , perhaps the Nilghau, Antilope picta, 26.
  • , a crustacean, Ocyopode cursor, 77.
  • , a large kind of ant, Formica Herculanea, 225.
  • , horse, Equus Caballus, 13, 26, 27, 29, 39, 62, 66, 69, 70;
  • dreams, 97;
  • neighing, 112;
  • reproduction, age, life, 113, 161, 169;
  • food and drink, 205, 207;
  • small horses in the country of the Pygmies, 209;
  • diseases, 219, 222, 223;
  • story of a Scythian horse, 274.
  • , river horse, Hippopotamus amphibius, 32, 196;
  • in Egypt, 32.
  • , fish, Coryphna hippurus, 109;
  • hides in holes, 213.
  • , willow, 155.
  • , wryneck, Jynx torquilla, 35.
  • , Ichneumon, Viverra Ichneumon, 177;
  • attacks the asp in Egypt, 238.
  • , Ichneumon (insect) Sphex, hunts spiders, 124, 232.
  • , reed, Acorus calamus, and perhaps also some of the larger grasses, 122, 155;
  • its flower, 127;
  • used to support vine, 133, 155, 216;
  • flourishes in rainy weather, 217.
  • or , a bird preyed on by the little owl. Motacilla alba L., Schneider, 232.
  • Fringilla petronia.
  • , Tringa, Sandpiper, Scolopax calidris, 203.
  • , fish, Uranoscopus, Strack, U. Scaber, 40;
  • lives near the shore.
  • , a shrub from the flowers of which the bees are said to procure their young, 127;
  • perhaps Cerinthe, L., Strack, honeysuckle.
  • , Camel, Camelus Bactrianus and C. Dromedarius, 25, 27, 29, 30, 70;
  • reproduction, 103, 114, 161, 173;
  • endurance of thirst, 207;
  • life, ib.;
  • diseases, 222;
  • purity, 274;
  • castration of females, 278.
  • , caterpillar, 124.
  • , several kinds of beetles, 88;
  • a kind of fly, 106;
  • origin, 126.
  • , beetle, Scarabus pilularius, Schneider, Cantharis lytta, 9;
  • origin, 125;
  • changes its skin, 216.
  • , a sea-fish, lives near the shore, Sparus Cantharus, 211.
  • , boar, 29;
  • coition, age, 112, 114;
  • castration, 277.
  • , a fish said to make a grunting noise. Cottus cataphractus, [Pg 313]or Squalus centrina, 37;
  • in the Achelous, 95.
  • , crustaceans, 79, 85, 228.
  • , insect, stag-beetle, Cerambyx. Strack, 89, 125.
  • , Palinurus vulgaris, Spiny lobster, 7, 9, 10;
  • as a class, 73, 77;
  • male and female, 78;
  • described, 79, 80, 84, 93;
  • sleep, 97;
  • reproduction, 120;
  • where produced, 121;
  • change their shell, ib.;
  • kills other fish, is killed by the polypus, 198;
  • habitation, pursuit, 129;
  • hides itself and changes its shell, 217.
  • , a small crustacean, Pinnotheres veterum, Bell's Crustaceans, 117.
  • , shrimp or prawn, Crangon, Palmon, 77;
  • different kinds, ib.;
  • reproduction, 106, 121;
  • changes its colour in winter, 228.
  • , hermit crab, Pagurus Bernhardi, L., Bell, and probably other species, 85;
  • in Strombi and Nerit, ib., 118;
  • also a species in Pinn distinguished from , 117.
  • , crab, of various species. Cancer, Carcinus, &c., 4, 10, 73, 77;
  • several species, 77;
  • fluviatile, Telphura fluviatilis, ib.;
  • number of feet, ib.;
  • short-tailed ib.;
  • description, 80, 81, 85;
  • reproduction, 106;
  • white crabs in various shells, 117;
  • change of shell, 121;
  • rock crabs, 198;
  • black crabs, hard shelled crabs, 217.
  • , beaver, Castor Fiber, 205.
  • , some kind of sea-weed, 200.
  • , diver, Pelecanus bassanus, L., Schneider, 45;
  • mode of taking its prey, 244.
  • , Falco tinnunculus, Schneider, 45;
  • lays many eggs, 138;
  • red eggs, 139;
  • mode of drinking, 203.
  • , large green woodpecker, Picus viridis, 202, 232, 233.
  • , petrel, Procellaria pelagica, 203, 253.
  • , creeper, Certhia familiaris, 247.
  • , Populus tremula, osier, 205.
  • , mullets as a class, 109, 159.
  • , mullet. Mugil. In the lake Silpha, 37, 44, 92;
  • it sleeps, 98;
  • capture, 87;
  • birth, 108;
  • enumeration of species, 109, 153, 157;
  • enters rivers to spawn, 156, 159;
  • food, 199, 228;
  • habits, 200;
  • near the shore, 211;
  • associates with the labrax, 235;
  • the swiftest of fishes, 256;
  • in season in the autumn, ib.
  • , grey mullet. Spratt's Lycia, Mugil cephalus, 109, 153;
  • reproduction, 159;
  • food, 199;
  • injured by cold, 218.
  • , monkey, Simia mora or diona, Strack, 32.
  • S. Cynologus.
  • , , or , a sea-fish, 228.
  • , a sea-bird, mentioned with the Halcyon, 203.
  • Tringa variabilis.
  • , whelk, Buccinum, its mecon, 80, 81, 82, 85;
  • appears in the early spring, 110;
  • nidulary capsules, 115, 116;
  • the small whelk, 118;
  • hides itself, 213.
  • , whale, as a class, 10, 39;
  • whales, 69;
  • other whales, 152.
  • , Cetacea, 7, 13, 104, 196;
  • turn on their back to seize their prey, 200.
  • , drone, 260.
  • , probably Tringa Cinclus, Linn. Dunlin, 244.
  • Cinclus aquaticus.
  • , a kind of turbot, Trigla lyra, 44.
  • , a spice, cinnamon, 245.
  • , cinnamon bird, 245;
  • Herodotus, Book 3, c. 111.
  • , perhaps Falco nisus, Liddell and Scott, 232, 253.
  • Falco pygargus. [Pg 314]
  • , Ivy. Hedera Helix, 130.
  • or , Jay, Corvus glandarius, captured by the golius and Eleus, 201;
  • changes its note, 245;
  • its nest, ib.
  • , Turdus labrus and T. merula, nest, 138;
  • hides, 215;
  • changes its colour in winter, 276;
  • three kinds, 244.
  • , a sea-fish, 37;
  • near the land, 211;
  • in pairs, 213;
  • changes its colour, 228.
  • , also called , an insect injurious to beehives, Galeria cerella and G. mellonella, 226, 266.
  • , sea-nettle, probably an actinia, 118, 255.
  • , a species of woodpecker, Picus varius, or minor, 202.
  • or , an insect, Formica flava, Strack, finds honey by the sense of smell, 93;
  • eaten by the woodpecker, 93, 202, 242.
  • , a bivalve shell, Mya pictorum, 82;
  • several species, ib.;
  • a kind of crustacean is found in them, 85;
  • origin, 117, 118;
  • large smooth shell in rivers, 243.
  • , a small bivalve shell, 198, 199.
  • or , a fresh-water fish. Trout, Salmo Fario, Strack, 92.
  • , Helix, land snail, 81.
  • , cuckoo, Cuculus Canorus, 93, 138;
  • habits, form, and eggs, 146;
  • eatable, 147;
  • lays in the nests of other birds, 249;
  • changes its note when about to migrate, 276.
  • , also , and , woodpecker, 233.
  • , a kind of tunny, Scomber colias, in the Propontis, 211;
  • when taken, 212;
  • gregarious, 234.
  • , Corvus monedula or Picus viridis, 36;
  • in p. 242 colus should probably be colius.
  • , Ampelis garrula, L. Schneider. Lanius garrula or excubitor, 248.
  • , Pelecanus graculus, four species, 248.
  • , cucumber, Cucumis Sativus, 124, 208.
  • , a sea-bird, diver, Colymbis, 3, 203.
  • , knits, 134.
  • , plant, Inula Conyza, or I. pulicaria, flea bane, 93.
  • , probably the Cornish Chough Pyrrocorax Graculus, 248.
  • , sturgeon, Accipenser huso, Strack, Sparus Chromis, 109, 159, 160, 213, 218, 228, 234.
  • , the crow tribe, 5.
  • , raven and rook, Corvus Corax and frugilegus, 40, 45, 64;
  • eggs, incubation, young, 146;
  • Egyptian raven, 226;
  • hostile to the hawk, 232;
  • pecks the ass and bull, ib.;
  • friend of the fox, 233;
  • frequent in towns, 248;
  • nest and habits, 250.
  • , a water-bird, Pelecanus Carbo, Strack, 203.
  • or , the young tunny fish, 160.
  • , water-newt, Triton aquaticus, 3, 9, 197.
  • Siren Proteus.
  • , cimex, bug, C. lectularius, 134.
  • , lark, Alauda arvensis cristata, 277.
  • , lark, Alauda cristata, A. arborea, A. arvensis, (though Schneider thinks this identification doubtful), its nest, 146, 249;
  • hybernates, 215;
  • hostile to the pcilis, 232;
  • is said to eat the eggs of the eagle, 233;
  • friendly to the schnilus, 234;
  • perches on the ground, 242, 245;
  • two kinds, 249.
  • , Corvus corone, 45;
  • feeds its young after they are fledged, 146;
  • incubation, 147;
  • lives near the sea, 203;
  • Egyptian, 226;
  • foe to the owl, presbys, and typanus, [Pg 315]232;
  • friend of the heron, 234;
  • always to be seen, 248.
  • , the wild olive tree, Eleagnus angustifolia, used as food for sheep (accidentally omitted in the translation), 208.
  • , see . Cottus Gobio, 92.
  • , blackbird, Turdus merula, Strack, but apparently not always, Turdus merula, and T. saxatilis, hybernate, 215;
  • changes its colour, 228;
  • nest, 245;
  • two kinds, black and white, 247;
  • changes its plumage and voice in the winter, 276.
  • , a sea-bird, 110, 214.
  • , a fish, 228.
  • Labrus Merula.
  • , snail, Helix, several kinds, 73, 81;
  • land-snails, 83;
  • when full of ova, 110;
  • die when the shell is taken off, 136;
  • form an operculum when they hybernate, 213;
  • eaten by swine and partridges, 255.
  • , Fresh-water univalve shells, Limna, Planorbis, 81, 83, 84, 86.
  • , prawn, Cancer digitalis (Squilla mantis), Strack, Penus sulcatus, 77.
  • , cabbage or colewort, Brassica, 124, 126.
  • , caterpillars of the cabbage butterfly, Papilio Danais Brassic, 125.
  • , green fodder for horses, 207.
  • , Trigna pugnax, hostile to the celeus, 233;
  • its habits, 247.
  • , barley, 206.
  • , Ovis aries, ram, breeding season, 114, 161, 199.
  • , the Land crocodile, Lacerta stellio, Monitor terrestris, 25, 34;
  • both kinds mentioned, 43, 46;
  • reproduction, 137;
  • brought up in Egypt, 231;
  • Herodotus, Book 4, c. 192.
  • , the Egyptian crocodile. Crocodilus Niloticus, 2, 14;
  • in Egypt, 33, 59;
  • reproduction, 137;
  • hybernates, 72.
  • , Ricinus, tick, or dog-louse, Hippobosca ovina, 135;
  • Acarus ricinus, 125.
  • , Pecten, 82, 84.
  • A large kind, which has one valve flat, Pecten maximus, 84, 94, 95;
  • origin, 117;
  • small crustaceans in them, ib.;
  • hybernate, 213;
  • red pectens, 220;
  • leap, 256.
  • , beans, Vicia faba, 72, 206.
  • , Turdus Cyaneus, blue thrush, 248.
  • or , Corncrake, Rallus Crex, Strack, probably a species of ortolan, Lindell and Scott. Leads the flight of the quails, 210.
  • , swan, Cycnus olor, 4, 45;[231]
  • food, 203;
  • gregarious, 211;
  • fights with the eagle, 233;
  • habits, 244;
  • when dying they go towards the sea, ib.
  • or , hermit crab, Pagurus, 85.
  • , the Ionic name of the , Stryx Nisoria, 244, 251.
  • , perhaps the dog-rose, worms in it, 126.
  • Rosa canina.
  • , dog-headed ape, Simia Cynocephalus, 32.
  • S. Porcaria.
  • , dog-ticks, Ricinus canis, 135.
  • , carp, Cyprinus Carpio, 38;
  • inhabits rivers, 91;
  • production and growth of young, 155, 156;
  • star-struck, 219.
  • , a shrub, Cytisus, Medicago arborea, 71.
  • , a kind of shrimp or prawn, 77.
  • Palmon Squilla or Crangon vulgaris, also Pagurus.
  • , a kind of swallow, Martin? Hirundo urbica, makes its nest of mud in rocks and caverns, 250.
  • , dog, Canis familiaris, 6, [Pg 316] 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 42, 58;
  • large dog of Epirus, 71;
  • dreams, 97;
  • reproduction, barking, &c., 103, 107, 112, 113, 114, 161, 163;
  • Laconian dogs, their habits, 166, 167;
  • when dogs eat grass, 204, 238;
  • diseases, 222;
  • Egyptian dogs, 226;
  • Cyrenian dogs, half-bred, with wolves, Laconian with foxes, Indian with tigers, 227;
  • the Molossian shepherd dog, 230;
  • intestinal worms in dogs, 238.
  • , a cartilaginous fish, Squalus carcharias, Strack, S. galeus, 104, 151.
  • , gudgeon, Gobio, 44;
  • ova, 153, 155;
  • poor ones cast on shore, 157;
  • food, 200;
  • live near the land, 211;
  • fatten in rivers, 218;
  • gregarious, 197;
  • in winter does not leave the Pyrrhic Euripus, 256.
  • , an animal inhabiting the stables of the ass, a lizard according to some, Scaliger thinks a beetle, 232, Mus minutus.
  • , a species of gnat, smaller than the empis, Conops calcitrans, Strack, Culex pipiens or C. calcitrans, 89, 94;
  • springs from a worm in vinegar, Mosillus cellarius, 126.
  • , perhaps Perca Labrax, Basse, 8, 92;
  • sleeps, 98;
  • reproduction, 108, 109, 153, 159;
  • food, 199, 200;
  • has a stone in its head, 218;
  • unfit to eat when in spawn, 228;
  • at times associated with cestreus, 244.
  • , hare, Lepus timidus, the Egyptian, 226.
  • , the name of a bird living in rocks and mountains, perhaps it should be , 234.
  • , a species of thrush, Turdus torquatus, 234, 247.
  • , a species of shark, Squalus centrina, or carachias, 104, 255.
  • or , glow-worm, Lampyris notiluca, see .
  • , gull or cormorant, Larus canus and marinus, Sterna, 45;
  • colour, 203;
  • a white kind, ib.;
  • hostile to the brenthus and harpa, 232.
  • , beaver, Castor fiber, 3, 205.
  • , potherbs, 217.
  • , skate, Raia Batis, 40, 151.
  • , limpet, Patella, 82, 84, 85, 86, 117.
  • , scaly fishes, see .
  • , white heron, Platalea leucerodia, 203.
  • , probably the unopened flower-bud of the grape, or Populus alba, 121.
  • , Ardea argentata, 233.
  • , Lion, Felis Leo, 6, 24, 25, 26, 28;
  • lioness, 29, 30, 32, 42, 59, 61, 69;
  • reproduction, 102, 161, 176;
  • existing in one district of Europe, 226;
  • Syrian Lions, 176;
  • mane and teeth, ib.;
  • food, 205;
  • habits, 271, 272;
  • two kinds described, 272.
  • , Rosmarinus officinalis, Rosemary, 183.
  • , a bird, enemy of the woodpecker, 232.
  • , Lygians who are said to have seven ribs, 16.
  • , oysters, Ostrea edulis, 82, 117;
  • small crustaceans in them, ib.
  • , a species of heron, Ciconia dubia, 45.
  • , animals with hairy tails, horse, ass, &c., 11, 16, 19, 30.
  • , Lynx, Felis Lynx, 28, 29, 102.
  • , a kind of Jackdaw or chough, Corvus monedula, C. pyrrocorax, 248.
  • , wolf, Canis lupus, 6, 29; [Pg 317]
  • reproduction, 103, 161, 177;
  • eats grass and earth, 204;
  • Egyptian, 226;
  • attacks the ass, bull, and fox, 232;
  • near the lake Motis, 254.
  • , a kind of spider, Aranea tarantula, Strack, 259.
  • , a fish, Trigla Lyra, 95.
  • , a crustacean, Maia Squinado, 77, 81, 217.
  • , sprat or sardine, Sparus mna, , 157, 158, 159;
  • when the males are called tragi, 228;
  • gregarious, 234.
  • , the class of cephalopod mollusks, one species which occupies a shell is probably Camarina mediterranea, Spratt's Lycia, 8, 10, 19, 73, 87;
  • reproduction, 105, 110, 121, 154;
  • why they imbibe water, 196;
  • carnivorous, 198, 199;
  • best for food when they have ova, 228.
  • , perhaps Loxia pyrrhula, Schneider, 248.
  • , crustaceans, 10, 73, 77;
  • reproduction, 106, 120;
  • imbibe water, 196;
  • omnivorous, 198;
  • best for food when they have ova, 228.
  • , a sea-fish, 159, 218.
  • , a fabulous animal, 30.
  • , probably blackcap, Parus ater, or Muscicarpa atricapilla, 202;
  • food, eggs, nest and tongue, 246;
  • in the autumn called Sycalis, 276.
  • , called also lagophonos, an eagle, Aquila melanaetus, Falco fulvus, 251.
  • , a sea-fish, Sparus melanurus, 199.
  • , Guinea fowl, Meleagris Numidica, 139.
  • , plant, Melilotus officinalis, 266.
  • , bee, Apis mellifica, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 64, 88, 89, 93, 95;
  • they sleep, 98;
  • larva are called nymph, 124;
  • reproduction, 127;
  • drones, chiefs, also called mothers and kings, 28;
  • three kinds of bees, ib.;
  • life, 130;
  • white bees in plants, and other kinds, ib.;
  • food, 208;
  • hybernate, 213;
  • change their skins, 216;
  • diseases, 225;
  • industry, 258;
  • habits, 260.
  • , an inferior kind of anchovy, Clupea sardina, 158.
  • , bee-eater, Merops Apiaster, L. or Congener, L. 138, 245, 265.
  • , a plant, medick grass, Medicago sativa, 71, 207, 268.
  • , a gregarious fish, 234.
  • , plant, poppy, 268.
  • , cockchafer, Melolonthus aurata, 9, 88, 89, 125.
  • , a fish like the Scarus, said to ruminate, Scarus Cretensis, 279.
  • , vermilion, 139.
  • , a substance used by bees to cover crevices in their hives, 261.
  • , a sea-fish, Sparus mormyrus, 159.
  • , another name of the plangus, Falco nvius, 251.
  • , shrew mouse, Sorex araneus, 223.
  • , house fly, Musca domestica, 9, 83, 89;
  • reproduction, 106, 108, 126;
  • omnivorous, 208.
  • , a sea fish, perhaps some kind of mullet, 109, 159.
  • , serpents that hunt mice, attacked by the weasel, 238.
  • , sea-lamprey, Murna helena, Strack, 8, 37, 40, 61;
  • reproduction, 103, 109;
  • food, 199;
  • near the shore, 211;
  • hybernates, 213;
  • seizes the conger by the tail, 235.
  • or , a sea-fish, 218.
  • , ant, Formica, 4;
  • winged and wingless, 73, 93, 108;
  • reproduction, 131;
  • industry, 258, 260.
  • , myrtle, Myrtus communis, 266, 268. [Pg 318]
  • , mouse, Mus musculus. The Egyptian kind is probably Hierax, those said to walk on two feet are the Jerboa. The Pontic kind said to ruminate. Mus Citillus, Schneider, 5, 50;
  • reproduction, 178;
  • Persian, Egyptian, and many other kinds, ib.;
  • manner of drinking, 205;
  • white mice in Pontus, 216;
  • Arabian mice, 226;
  • Lybian, ib.;
  • the Pontic mouse is said to ruminate, 278.
  • , a bivalve mollusk, perhaps Mitylus, 82.
  • , a whale, Balna mysticetus, 64.
  • Balnopterus musculus or Boops.
  • , horse-fly or gad-fly, Tabanus Ccutiens, T. pluvialis, 9, 83, 89;
  • origin, 126;
  • death, 127;
  • sucks blood, 208.
  • , torpedo, Raia Torpedo, 37, 40, 104;
  • reproduction and young, 109, 150, 151;
  • habits, 275.
  • , cephalopod, the species adhering to its shell is probably the Nautilus Pompilius, another species Argonauta Argo, Owen in Cyclopdia of Anatomy, 76, 258.
  • , dog-fish, Squalus catulus, 149.
  • , fawn, 71.
  • , a name of the pygargus, 251.
  • , the larva of the silkworm, Bombyx, 124.
  • , different littoral trochi, Trochus, Nerita, Haliotis, 85, 86, 94, 117, 118.
  • , duck, Anas Boschas, 45, 203.
  • or , 251; a name of the plangus.
  • , Nisan horses, 278.
  • , bat, Vespertilio, 4, 9, 50.
  • , Ardea Nycticorax, Marabu, 45, 201, 210, 252.
  • , sword-fish, Xiphias gladius, 38, 40, 219.
  • , insects in wood, Phryganea, Tinea graminella, 136.
  • , a cephalopod mollusk, the same as bolitna, 76.
  • , the flower of the vine, 121.
  • , probably the name of some dark-coloured bird, 276.
  • , a wild pigeon, Columba migratoria, Strack, C. nas, 111, 138, 203.
  • , sheep, Ovis aries, 72;
  • different kinds, 208.
  • , gad fly, Tabanus corvinus, 3, 9, 83, 89;
  • origin, 125;
  • a blood sucker, 208;
  • the marine species probably refers to certain parasites on fish, Lerna brachialis, Phalangium balnarum, 135, 208, 212, 219.
  • , a bird, perhaps Motacilla sibilatrix, or Trochilus, 202.
  • , probably an alga Spongodium, Spratt's Lycia, Holothuria or Salpa, 4.
  • , ass, Equus Asinus, 27, 31, 39, 68, 70;
  • not infested with lice or ticks, 135;
  • reproduction, 113, 163, 171;
  • food and drink, 207;
  • diseases, 224;
  • a foe to the githus, 232;
  • eats thorns, 233.
  • , the wild ass, 178;
  • in Epirus, 71;
  • the Indian ass, perhaps Rhinoceros, 28.
  • , fish, perhaps Raia squatina, Strack, Gadus mustela, 214, 255.
  • , woodlouse, Oniscus asellus, 135.
  • , a species of titmouse, Parus Ater, 202.
  • , Grypaetus Barbatus, Strack, 251.
  • , mule, 5, 11, 27, 31, 39;
  • females and reproduction, 163, 172, 173;
  • food and drink, 207. [Pg 319]
  • , plant, Origanum, 238.
  • , a large kind of tunny, Scomber ala longa, 109.
  • , domestic fowl, see and .
  • , tares, Orobus, Ervum ervilia, 71, 191.
  • , mountain finch, Fringilla montifringilla, Strack, 202.
  • , an insect that eats the buds of plants, Chrysomela oleracea, 126.
  • , perhaps Land rail, Rallus Crex, 210.
  • , quail, Coturnix Vulgaris, 40, 45;
  • nest, 146, 240;
  • migration, 210;
  • does not perch on trees, 242.
  • , Nilghau, Antilope picta, or Antilope Oryx, 27.
  • , a sea fish, perhaps Scorpna porcus, Spratt's Lycia, 109, 199, 211, 214.
  • , a bird, Charadrius minor, 232.
  • , testaceous mollusca, 8, 10, 13, 73, 81;
  • reproduction, 110, 115, 117;
  • compared with plants, 195;
  • hybernate, 213;
  • best for food when they have ova, 228.
  • , oyster, 3, 10, 117;
  • different kinds, 73;
  • origin, 117;
  • have an anus, 198;
  • , testacea, 228.
  • , the shell used by painters, 118.
  • , Otis houbara, 139.
  • , sea ear, perhaps Haliotis, 84.
  • , a small serpent, found in the plant silphium, 227;
  • a small serpent, Coluber ammodytes, or C. sculapii, Strack, ib.;
  • an Indian serpent, whose bite is fatal, ib.
  • , serpent, 5;
  • winged serpent in thiopia, perhaps Draco volans, 9;
  • a horned serpent in Egypt, Coluber cerastes, 28;
  • water-serpents, Coluber natrix, 10, 35, 38, 43, 44, 46, 49, 60;
  • marine serpents, Murna ophis, or Ammodytes tobianus, Strack, 38, 255; there are many kinds.
  • Their hissing, 96;
  • the female larger, 100;
  • reproduction, 103, 137;
  • change their skin, 121, 216;
  • omnivorous, 204;
  • hybernate, 213;
  • a large kind in Lybia, Boa constrictor, 226;
  • the blind serpent, Anguis fragilis, 223.
  • , Labrus Anthia, 109.
  • , probably the common hermit-crab, Pagurus Bernhardi, 77.
  • , panther, Felis Panthera, 177.
  • , 34;
  • perhaps the spots on the Leopard's skin: an unknown animal, L. and S. Lex.
  • , a plant poisonous to the Leopard, perhaps aconite, Doronicum pardalianches, or aconitum Napellus, 238.
  • , Leopard, Felis Leopardus, 5, 27, 29, 30;
  • Asiatic, 226;
  • the female more bold than the male, 230;
  • hunts by scent, 238.
  • , a bird, perhaps Sturnus Vulgaris, Starling. Tringa Squaratola, Strack, 248.
  • , see , Giraffe.
  • , stork, Ardea Ciconia, 203, 215;
  • when wounded applies origanum to its wounds, 238;
  • said to be fed by its young, 245.
  • , a kind of dove, distinct from , 111;
  • migratory, 210.
  • , Pelecan, Pelecanus onocrotalus, migrates from the Strymon, 209;
  • gregarious, 210;
  • eats shell-fish, 243.
  • , black heron, Ardea cinerea, 233, 247.
  • , partridge, Perdix cinerea, and rufa, Tetrao Perdix and Grcus, 5, 45, 47, 96;
  • reproduction, 106, 139, 140, 141, 148; [Pg 320]
  • nest, incubation, habits, 138, 240, 241, 242;
  • life, 145, 240;
  • eats snails, 255;
  • dusts itself, 277.
  • , House-dove, Columba, 4, 5, 39, 45;
  • differs from , 111;
  • reproduction, ib., 138, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145;
  • food, 202;
  • not migratory, 210;
  • habits, 239, 240;
  • those used for lures are blinded, 240;
  • wash and dust themselves, 277.
  • , the class of pigeon-like birds, 111, 144, 202.
  • , perch, Perca fluviatilis, 38, 44, 155, 214.
  • , dusky eagle, Vultur percnopterus or Gypaietos barbatus, or Falco barbatus, 251.
  • , grey hawk, Falco subbuteo, 253.
  • or , a kind of hawk.
  • , pine tree, 126.
  • , rue, Ruta graveolens, 238.
  • , a tunny fish of a year old, Scomber Thynnus, 4;
  • reproduction, 108;
  • where found, 109;
  • the tunny a year older than the pelamys, 157, 160;
  • migrate to the Pontus, 211;
  • gregarious, 235.
  • , a kind of duck, Anas Penelope, 203.
  • , some species of larva, Phaln geometr, 124.
  • , the ape tribe, 26.
  • , ape, Simia Sylvanus, 32.
  • , a bitter herb, endive, Chicorium intybus, or Helminthia Echionella, 238.
  • , the genus Pinna, 82, 117, 118, 195.
  • or , and , small crustaceans living in shells and sponges, Pinnotheres veterum, 117.
  • , , , woodpecker, Picus viridis, major, minor, 202, 232, 248.
  • , bees' wax, 261.
  • or , Alauda trivialis, 234.
  • , a species of eagle, Aquila albicilla, 251.
  • or , mullein, Verbascum thapsus, fatal to fish, 220.
  • , certain fish, as the cestreus and labrax, 153, 228, 256, 273;
  • also of birds, 35.
  • , a marine animal of low organization, 118.
  • and , Medicago sativa, and lupulina, 268.
  • , perhaps Fringilla Carduelis or nanthe, 232.
  • , Octopus, Spratt's Lycia, Sepia octopodia, a small variegated kind, has not been determined, Owen, 9, 73, 74, 76;
  • several kinds, 73, 258;
  • reproduction, 105, 110, 121;
  • destroys the lobster, 198;
  • is destroyed by the conger, ib.;
  • food, 199;
  • when good for food, 228;
  • ink, 75, 257;
  • changes its colour, ib.;
  • grows lean, ib.;
  • goes upon shore, 258.
  • , Murex trunculus, Spratt's Lycia, and probably some other shells, 81, 83, 85, 86, 89, 94;
  • time of appearance, 110, 115, 116, 117;
  • several kinds, 116, 117;
  • said to obtain the purple from Alg, 155;
  • carnivorous, 200;
  • hybernates, 213, 220, 256.
  • , a bird with a long neck, Fulica porphyrion, Strack, 45, 206.
  • , a species of alga, perhaps Caulerpa prolifera, Spratt's Lycia, 199.
  • , a grub which destroys leeks, Clerus apiarius, 126.
  • , the same as Trochilus, wren, 232, 244.
  • , a kind of tunny, 214.
  • , perhaps the saw-fish, Squalus pristis, Strack, 152.
  • , sheep, Ovis aries, 27, 29;
  • black lambs, 64, 66, 67;
  • in Epirus, 71, 72;
  • voice of the ram, 96;
  • dreams, 97;
  • reproduction, 112, 113, 163, 164, 165;
  • sheep-ticks, [Pg 321]134;
  • food, 208;
  • acorns injurious to sheep, 222;
  • diseases, 223;
  • Syrian sheep, 225;
  • Egyptian, 226;
  • habits, 235;
  • hostile to bees, 261;
  • ruminate, 279.
  • , roe deer, Cervus Capriolus, 39, 58, 67.
  • , elm, Ulmus campestris, 206.
  • , a species of hawk, 253.
  • , or , a water-bird, 244.
  • , a kind of eagle, perhaps Circus Cyaneus, hen harrier, 146, 250;
  • also a water-bird, perhaps Tringa Ocrophus, L. Schneider, 203, 244.
  • , glow-worm, Lampyris noctiluca, 73, 125.
  • , a bird, enemy of the turtle dove, 232.
  • , a moth, Tinea mellonella, Strack, 225.
  • , a red bird, Loxia pyrrula, or enucleator, 202.
  • , a bird living in marshes, Ardea purpurea, 247.
  • , cabbage or radish, 124.
  • , resin, 248.
  • , a species of shark, Squalus Squatina, Strack, 49;
  • reproduction, 103, 108, 109, 150, 151;
  • mode of taking its prey, 255;
  • changes its colour, 257.
  • , Raia rhinobatus, a cartilaginous fish, 151.
  • , fish that swim in shoals, 93, 109, 159, 211, 212.
  • , a kind of otter or beaver, Lutra Luteola, Strack, 205.
  • , salamander, Lacerta Salamandra, 126.
  • , the genus Scomber, Strack, Sparus Salpa, 92;
  • reproduction, 108, 109, 159;
  • food, 201;
  • lives in bays of the sea, 211;
  • is not carnivorous, 256.
  • , red sulphuret of arsenic, 223;
  • bee bread, 264.
  • , or , a plant, probably an orchid, Satyrian, 205.
  • , a fresh-water fish, perhaps Accipenser hugo, 229.
  • , the sardine, migratory, Tetragonus niger, 231.
  • , Sparus sargus, Strack, a sea-fish, 108, 109, 159, 200.
  • , Sorex moschatus, 205.
  • , Lizard, generic name, 5, 8, 25, 34, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44;
  • reproduction, 103, 137;
  • life, 204;
  • hybernates, 213;
  • change of skin, 216;
  • Arabian lizards, 225, 252.
  • , Salmo Saurus, marine, 234.
  • , a kind of wild bee or wasp, Megachile muraria, 260.
  • , the class of cartilaginous fishes, 7, 8, 14, 37, 38, 59, 60, 66;
  • description of the class, 46, 48;
  • sleep, 98;
  • kinds, 99, 104;
  • reproduction, 103, 149, 160;
  • carnivorous, 199;
  • marine, 211;
  • hybernate, 214;
  • male and female, 257.
  • , cartilaginous fishes, 44, 95, 104, 214.
  • , an umbelliferous plant, Seseli tortuosum, 236.
  • , Sepia officinalis, Spratt's Lycia, cuttle-fish, 7, 9, 10, 73, 74, 75, 80, 83, 93;
  • reproduction, 105, 110, 120, 123, 125, 154;
  • food, 199;
  • the male protects the female when wounded, 231;
  • emission of the ink, 257;
  • said to change its colour, ib.
  • , various kinds of moths in clothes, in beehives, in books, 135.
  • , a kind of long gourd, 246.
  • , gourd or cucumber, Cucurbita lagenaria, 206.
  • , a stinking insect, Blatta orientalis, or Lepisma, Strack, 216.
  • , a plant, perhaps Assaftida, Laserpitium, or Thapsus Silphium, 227. [Pg 322]
  • , or , a carnivorous fish, Tetraodon hispidus, or mola, or Sparus dentex, Strack, T. lineatus, 199, 200, 211, 234.
  • , a kind of woodpecker, or perhaps Sitta Europa, creeper, 233, 247.
  • or , parrot, Psittacus erithacus.
  • , a sea-fish, supposed by the ancients to ruminate, Scarus oretius, Spratt's Lycia, S. cretensis, Strack, 37;
  • has not sharp teeth, 38, 44;
  • food, 199;
  • appears to ruminate, 200, 256, 278.
  • , a sea-fish, Scina nigra, Strack, S. cirrhosa, 218.
  • , Scilla maritima, 133.
  • , perhaps the woodcock, Scolopax rusticola, 242.
  • , Scolopendra morsitans, Centipede, 8;
  • the marine kinds Nereis or Aphrodite, A. aculeata, 38, 88, 255.
  • , , fish allied to the tunny, mackerel, Scomber sarda, 109, 160, 210, 212, 235.
  • or , the young tunny, 160.
  • , Scorpio Europus, 89, 131, 135, 227.
  • , a sea-fish, Cottus Scorpius, Strack, 44, 108, 211.
  • , a sea-fish, Scorpna porcus, 109.
  • , a small creature in books, Phalangium Cancroides, 89, 135.
  • , dog-fish, Squalus Stellaris, S. canicula, 149, 151.
  • or , a kind of hermit-crab, 85.
  • , a worm that eats wood, 136;
  • a small intestinal worm in fish, 159;
  • an insect in honey-combs, 266.
  • , worm, especially the earthworm, 8, 123.
  • , the screech-owl, Strix Scops, Strix Otus, 201, 249.
  • , a poor sea-fish, Sparus smaris, 228.
  • , see . , see . , see .
  • , a sea-fish, Sparus Maina, Strack, 44.
  • , a shrub, broom, Genista, Stipa tenacissima, 266.
  • , Spatangus, sea-egg, 86.
  • , finch, Fringilla, 35;
  • eats worms, 202;
  • habitation, 240.
  • , sparrow-hawk, Falco Nisus, 201, 253.
  • , a kind of titmouse, Parus ater or major, 202.
  • , sponge, Spongia officinalis, 3;
  • growth, 118;
  • three kinds, ib.;
  • very like a plant, 195;
  • pores in sponges, 246.
  • or , probably a kind of beetle, living in the roots of plants, Carabus, 107, 223, 252.
  • , an insect like the Sphondyle, Staphylinus murinus, 223.
  • , Turbinated shells, Helix, Turbo, &c., 13, 85, 86, 118.
  • , univalve mollusks, 85, 86;
  • on land and marine, 84;
  • have an operculum, 117.
  • , sparrow, Fringilla domestica, 40, 45, 64, 102;
  • eats worms, 202;
  • the hens are said to live longer, 240;
  • compared with the Halcyon, 245;
  • washes and dusts itself, 277;
  • in Lybia, ostrich, Struthiocamelus, 246.
  • , a flat fish, Pleuronectes passer, 40.
  • , the gum storax, Storax officinalis, 93.
  • , fig-pecker, Italian beccafico, the melancoryphus in its summer plumage, Motacilla Atricapilla, or Parus ater, Strack, Sylvia fidecula, 202, 276.
  • , the fruit of the mulberry tree, 221.
  • , figs, used for feeding swine, 206, 221. [Pg 323]
  • , a caterpillar in figs, 126.
  • , a plant, Symphytun officinale, comfrey, or gypsophila arundinacea, 245.
  • , a fish, Sparus dentex, 37, 40.
  • , a plant loved by bees, 268.
  • , swine, Sus scropha, no wild swine in Libya, 225;
  • the domestic pig eats snails, 255.
  • , a species of zoophyte, perhaps Alcyonia, 246.
  • , wasp, Vespa vulgaris, V. tectorum, V. crabro, generic name, 3, 4, 88, 89;
  • larva, 124;
  • a kind called ichneumon, Ammophila sabulosa, 127, 130;
  • a diligent insect, 258;
  • the annual wasp, 260;
  • hostile to bees, 265, 267;
  • two species, 268.
  • , a gregarious sea-fish, Esox sphyrna, 234.
  • or , a water-bird, Emberiza Schniclus L. Schneider, 203, 234.
  • , Sylvia arundinacea, 234.
  • , Solen, Soleneuntus trigillatus, Spratt's Lycia, 82, 94, 117, 118, 195.
  • , a long thin fish, probably Cepola tnia, Strack, 37.
  • , flat entozoa, 238.
  • , see .
  • , bull, Bos taurus, 48, 67, 68, 168;
  • horns, 100;
  • fierce in the breeding season, 161;
  • bulls fight together, 163.
  • , peacock, Pavo cristatus, 6;
  • barren eggs, reproduction, 140, 148.
  • , a kind of bee or wasp, Apis terrestris, Strack, makes honey, 260;
  • reproduction, 271.
  • , a caterpillar in bee-hives, 225.
  • , a species of grouse, Tetrac tetrix, or Otis tetrix, Strack, 138, 139.
  • , the edible larva of the locust or grasshopper, 134.
  • , a small kind of grasshopper, 90, 133.
  • , grasshopper, Cicada orni, 90;
  • several kinds, 95;
  • origin, 123;
  • reproduction, 133;
  • Cecropis Spumarius, 134;
  • changes its skin, 216;
  • not found in Milesia and Cephalenia, 225.
  • , Loligo vulgaris, Owen, 9, 10, 74, 75;
  • reproduction, 105, 123;
  • food, 177;
  • its ink, 257.
  • , Loligo media, 10, 74, 75, 123;
  • perhaps incorrectly in 234 as the name of a gregarious fish.
  • , Ascidian mollusks, Ascidia phlusa, Strack, 82, 87, 94, 117;
  • fleshy nature of their body, 195.
  • , Tiger, Felis tigris, the Indian dogs are said to be crossed with the tiger, 227.
  • , a fresh-water fish, Cyprinus brama, 156, 220.
  • , grass or straw used as food for swine, Secale, 221.
  • , the he-goat, voice, 96, 161, 175.
  • , the male of the fish mnis, Sparus Maina, Strack, 228.
  • , Red mullet, Spratt's Lycia, Mullus surculentus, Strack, 44, 108;
  • suffers from parasites, 135;
  • season of reproduction, 159;
  • gregarious, ib., 234;
  • can bury itself, 200;
  • lives near the land, 211;
  • in estuaries, ib.;
  • not carnivorous, 256;
  • in season in the autumn, 257.
  • , Buzzard, Buteo vulgaris, 201;
  • eats toads and serpents, 232;
  • the first genus of the hawks, 253.
  • , Fieldfare or thrush, Turdus trichias, Strack, T. pilaris, 248.
  • or , a small kind of fish, or spawn, Clupea Sprattus, 108, 158, 212. [Pg 324]
  • , Sylvia trochilus, Strack, also called Presbys, and Basileus, perhaps the wren, Sylvia troglodytes, S. regulus, 203, 233;
  • also a bird living by the sea, charadrius Egyptiacus, 203;
  • picks the teeth of the crocodile, 238;
  • hates the eagle, 232.
  • , perhaps Tringa ochropodes, Schneider, T. vanellus, 203, 244.
  • , Turtle dove, Columba turtur, the smallest of the dove tribe, 111;
  • young and eggs, 138, 145, 240;
  • food, 202;
  • migrates, 210;
  • hybernates, 215;
  • an enemy to the pyrallis, but killed by the chloreus, 232;
  • friendly with the cottyphus, 234;
  • life, 240;
  • habitation, ib.;
  • perhaps Psophila crepitans, or Rallus crex, 277.
  • , a sea-fish, Raia pastinaca, 8, 104, 149, 211;
  • method of taking its prey, 255.
  • , some oviparous quadruped, 103.
  • , golden-crested wren, Motacilla Regulus, 202.
  • , blind worm, Lacerta Apus, Schneider, 154, 223.
  • , Hyna Striata, 176;
  • also called , 204.
  • , a night bird of prey, 244.
  • , a water-serpent, Coluber natrix, 3, 44.
  • , a kind of eagle, also written , 252.
  • , a kind of caterpillar, Geometra, 124.
  • , hedge sparrow, Sylvia hortensis or curruca, 147, 202, 249.
  • , buzzard, 253, see .
  • , swine, Sus scropha, 26;
  • with single hoof in Ponia, 27, 29;
  • boar, 31, 32;
  • swine, 35, 42, 46, 66;
  • heats, 69;
  • voice, 96;
  • sow, is without tusks, 100;
  • reproduction, 107, 112, 114, 135, 162, 163;
  • domestic swine, 164;
  • , 173;
  • they dig up the runs of mice, 178;
  • eat roots, 206;
  • how fattened, ib.;
  • diseases, 221;
  • swine in Mount Athos, 227;
  • killed by scorpions, ib.;
  • devour serpents, 233;
  • gelding of sows, 278.
  • , the wild boar, 5, 26, 161, 174.
  • , porcupine, Hystrix cristata, 138;
  • compared with the bear, 175;
  • hybernates, 215;
  • throws out its quills, 260.
  • , a kind of hawk, Falco palumbarius, 201.
  • , a sea-fish, Sparus pagrus, 211, 218.
  • , a kind of spider, Phalangium, Aranea Tarantula, 100, 107, 121, 123;
  • reproduction, 132;
  • patient of hunger, 204;
  • hostile to the ichneumon, 232;
  • several kinds described, 258, 259.
  • , a spider, 231.
  • , whale, Physeter Chacalotus, Strack, P. macrocephalus, 8, 69, 152;
  • respiration, 196.
  • , coot, Fulica atra, 203.
  • , some kind of spawn, 158.
  • , pheasant, Phasianus Colchicus, 134, 139, 277.
  • , a hawk, probably the same as , 253.
  • , a kind of pigeon, Columba palumbus, 45, 47;
  • the largest of the pigeon kind, 111;
  • reproduction and eggs, 138, 144, 145, 147, 202;
  • migrates, 210;
  • sometimes hybernates, 215;
  • likes drought, 217;
  • mode of drinking, 240;
  • habits, ib.;
  • does not coo in winter, 276.
  • , a kind of dove, Columba livia, [Pg 325]the male and female incubate by turns, 147, 202, 240;
  • nest, 249.
  • , perhaps the osprey, Vultur ossifragus, Buffon, nurses the young of the eagle, 146;
  • its food and shape, 201, 251.
  • , louse, Pediculus capitis and P. pubis, , nit, 120, 134;
  • in birds, ib.;
  • in fish, Lernea, 97, 135;
  • in the fish chalcis, 220.
  • , a fish that follows the dolphin, Centronotus, 135.
  • , a water plant, Poterium spinosum, 266.
  • , redstart, Sylvia Phnicurus, 276;
  • in winter called .
  • , a river fish, Cyprinus phoxinus, Strack, 153, 155.
  • , toad, Bufo vulgaris, 39, 87;
  • eaten by the buzzard, 232;
  • injurious to bees, 265.
  • , a kind of hawk, perhaps the buzzard, 253.
  • , fucus, sea-weed, 122, 125, 154, 199, 200, 255.
  • , a fish living on sea-weed, Gobius niger, 154;
  • food, 200;
  • changes its colour, and is the only fish that makes nests, 228.
  • , fucus, 154, 158, 218, 220.
  • , porpoise, Delphinus Phocna, 152, 212.
  • , seal, Phoca vitulina, P. monachus, 4, 7, 14, 22, 25, 26, 30, 39, 44, 69;
  • reproduction and habits, 103, 152, 153, 196;
  • food, 205;
  • fight together, 231.
  • , a fish enclosing itself in mucus, 256;
  • Blennius pholis, Strack.
  • , a kind of bee, the thief, 259.
  • , Hydatids in swine, 221.
  • , a fish, Dory, Zeus Faber, Strack, 95.
  • , a lizard, with a bright stripe on its back, Lacerta chalcides, 223.
  • , a bird, the same as , Stryx flammea, Strack, 244.
  • , a fish, perhaps Mugil auratus, Spratt's Lycia, Clupea picta, 108, 155, 156, 256.
  • , lime stone, 126.
  • , or , a fish with a wide mouth, Perca cabrilla, 99, 153;
  • food, 199;
  • marine, 211.
  • , lapwing or curlew, Charadrius dicnemus, Schneider, 203, 243.
  • , swallow, Hirundo urbica and rustica, 4, 40, 45, 64;
  • reproduction and nests, 111, 138, 145, 239;
  • eat animal food, 202;
  • migration, 215;
  • kill bees, 265.
  • , flying fish, 95;
  • Exocetus volitans.
  • , leguminous plants, 205.
  • , or , a fish like the cestreus, 109, 159, 199.
  • , the river tortoise, Testudo orbicularis and Europa, 34, 39, 41, 42, 46, 65, 84, 87, 96;
  • reproduction, 103, 104, 123;
  • marine, Chelonia cephalo, 196;
  • lives on shell-fish and sea-weed, 198;
  • does not change its skin, 216, 238.
  • , a large bivalve shell, Chama, 117.
  • , goose, Anser domesticus and Anas segetum, 6, 27, 45, 47;
  • gosling, 140, 141;
  • incubation, 146, 147;
  • different kinds, 203, 210.
  • , an Egyptian goose, Anas tadorna, Strack, 140, 203.
  • , probably the she goat, 72.
  • , perhaps the same as , a foe to the woodpecker, and kills the turtle dove, Falco lanarius, 232.
  • , Motacilla fitis, or Loxia chloris, Strack, eats worms, 202;
  • shape, eggs, nest, 245, 249.
  • , perhaps oriole, Oriolus galbula, Strack, attacks the blackbird, 233, 248. [Pg 326]
  • , ape, Simia rostrata, S. porcaria, 34.
  • , a fish joined with labrax, 92.
  • , a sea-fish, Scina nigra, 92, 94, 108, 218.
  • , a bird (thistle finch), Fringilla serinus, 202.
  • , Sparus aurata L., 8, 44;
  • sleeps, 98;
  • reproduction, 109, 160;
  • food, 200;
  • near the shore, 211;
  • in estuaries, ib.;
  • hybernates, 214;
  • impatient of cold, 218.
  • , the same as , 244.
  • , fish that swim in shoals, 109.
  • , starling, Sturnus vulgaris, 215, 249.
  • , gall insect, Cynips psenes, 136.
  • , a flat fish, Pleuronectes lingua and Rhombus, and maxima, 99, 109, 255.
  • , Parrot, Psittacus erithacus, 211.
  • , flea, Pulex irritans, 134;
  • a kind of spider, Salticus scenicus, 259.
  • , parasites on fish, Talitrus locusta, 97.
  • , butterfly, Papilio, 89, 102, 123.
  • , bustard, Otis tarda, 45, 102;
  • incubation, 147, 252.
  • , horned owl, Strix otus, 210, 252.
  • , a kind of pulse, useful to bees, Pisum sativum, 268.

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.




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