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Nalagiri, name of an elephant.—111.
Nla'nd, p. and skt., a village near Rjagaha.—221, 223.
Nanda, p., Siddhattha's halfbrother, son of Pajpat.—86, 88.
Na'nd, daughter of a chief of shepherds, also called Sujt.—35.
Ntapu'tta, Jain Prakrit, Jtapu'tra, skt., the son of Jta. Patronym of Vardhamna, the founder of Jainism.—145, 146.
Nerajar, Naira'jan, skt., name of a river identified by some with the Nilajan, by others with the Phalgu.—35, 43, 235.
Nid'na, p. and skt., cause. The twelve nidnas, forming the chain of causation which brings about the misery in the world. [See Oldenberg, Buddha, Engl. tr., pp 224-252].—40.
Nigga'ntha, p., Nirgra'ntha, skt., literally "liberated from bonds"; a name adopted by the adherents of the Jaina sect.—145, 146; Nigganthas, give also to the, 150.
Nigro'dha, p., Nyagro'dha, skt., a tree, ficus indica well known for its air roots.—43, 235.[Pg 281]
Nirm'na K'ya, skt., the body of transformation.—254.
Nirv'na, skt., Nibb'na, p., extinction, viz., the extinction of self; according to the Hnayna it is defined as "extinction of illusion," according to the Mayyna as "attainment of truth." Nirvna means, according to the latter, enlightenment, the state of mind in which updna, kilesa, and tanh are extinct, the happy condition of enlightenment, peace of mind, bliss, the glory of righteousness in this life and beyond, the eternal rest of Buddha after death. Buddha himself has refused to decide the problem whether or not Nirvna is a final extinction of personality. When questioned, he indicated by his silence that the solution is not one of those subjects a knowledge of which is indispensable for salvation.—2, 4, 6, 16, 20, 41, 43, 44, 48, 50, 51, 55, 64, 65, 67, 70, 71, 74, 76, 81, 83, 91, 97, 118, 122, 123, 130, 143, 153, 154, 160, 164, 170, 171, 188, 195, 235, 236, 237, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253; where is Nirvna? 154; Nirvna not a locality, 154; the city of Nirvna, 130; the harvest, Nirvna, 195; the one aim, Nirvna, 164; Samsra and Nirvna, 2, 6, 225.
Okk'ka, p., Ikshv'ku, skt., the name of a mythological family from which the chiefs of the Sakyas claim descent.—7.
Pabba'jj, p., pravra'jy, skt., the act of leaving the world for receiving admittance to the Order. The first step of the Buddhist ordination. (See Upasa'mpad.)
Paj'pat, p., Praj'pat or Mah-Praj'pat, skt., the sister of My-dev, second wife of Suddhodana, aunt and fostermother of Buddha. She is also called by her husband's family name Gotam (feminine form of Gotama).—10, 13, 86, 92, 93, 103.
Pajjo'ta, p., Pradyo'ta, skt., name of a king of Ujjen.—90, 91.
(Pakati, p.) Pra'kriti, skt., name of a girl of low caste.—196, 197.
Pramit', p. and skt., perfection, or virtue. The six pramits are: almsgiving, morality, patience, zeal or energy, meditation, and wisdom.
Paribb'jaka, p., Parivr'jaka, skt., a sect belonging to the Trthika school.—98.
Pase'nadi, p., (Prase'najit, skt., also called Pasenit) king of Kosala, residing at Svatth.—75, 77.
Ptalipu'tra, skt., Ptalipu'tta, p., also called Ptaligma, a city on the Ganges north of Rjagaha and belonging to the kingdom of Magadha, the frontier station against the Vriji (Vajji), the present Patna. Buddha is reported to have predicted the future greatness of the place, which is an important passage for determining the time in which the account of Buddha's sojourn in Ptaliputra was written. It is still[Pg 282] uncertain, however, when Patna became the important centre which it is now. It was the capital of the country when Megasthenes, the ambassador of Seleucus Nicator, at the end of the third century B.C., visited India. He gave in his book a detailed description of the city.—223, 224; Ptaliputra, three dangers hang over, 224.
Ptimo'kkha, p., Pratimo'ksha, skt., (usually spelt Prtimoksha in Buddhistic Sanskrit,) literally "disburdenment." It is the Buddhist confession. Rhys Davids says "that it almost certainly dates from the fifth century B.C. Since that time—during a period that is of nearly two thousand and three hundred years—it has been regularly repeated, twice in each month, in formal meetings of the stricter members of the Order. It occupies, therefore, a unique position in the literary history of the world; and no rules for moral conduct have been for so long a time as these in constant practical use, except only those laid down in the Old Testament and in the works of Confucius" (p. 163).—98, 99.
P'v, p. and skt., a village where Buddha took his last meal.—237, 239.
Pokkharas'ti, p., Paushkaras'ti, skt., a Brahman philosopher.—139.
Pubbr'ma, p., Prvr'ma, skt., the Eastern garden.—94.
Pu'kkusa, p., Pu'kkasha or Pu'kkasa, skt., name of a low caste.—239.
Pu'aji, p., Pu'nyajit, skt., a friend of Yasa.—61.
Rag, pleasure, desire or lust; a synonym of rati. The name of one of Mra's daughters, q. v.—36.
Rhula, p. and skt., the son of Buddha, was admitted to the fraternity while still a boy. Buddha gave him a lesson in truthfulness [see Chapter LVI]. He is always named among the prominent disciples of Buddha and is revered as the patron saint of novices.—14, 85, 86, 87, 88, 165, 166, 167.
