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Rainy season (see Vassa).—58, 232.
R'j, p. and skt., nominative form of the stem rjan, a king (in composition rja).
Rjaga'ha, p., Rjagri'ha, skt., the capital of Magadha and residence of king Bimbisra.—26, 65, 69, 71, 72, 80, 91, 98, 110, 119, 144, 219, 220, 255.
Ra'tana, p., ra'tna, skt., "jewel."
Rati, love, liking; a synonym of rag. The name of one of Mra's daughters, q. v.—36.
Saha'mpati, occurs only in the phrase "Brahm Sahampati," a name frequently used in Buddhist scriptures the meaning of which is obscure.[Pg 283] Burnouf renders it Seigneur des tres patients; Eitel, Lord of the inhabitable parts of all universes; H. Kern [in S.B., XXI, p. 5] maintains that it is synonymous with Sikhin, which is a common term for Agni.
Sa'kka, p., a'kra, skt., Lord; a cognomen of Indra.—69.
Sa'kya, kya, skt., the name of a royal race in the northern frontiers of Magadha.—7, 14, 26.
Sakyamuni, p., akyamuni, skt., the Skya sage; a cognomen of Buddha.—27, 28, 33, 34, 36, 62, 63, 64, 65, 71, 83, 120, 121, 142, 144, 178, 196, 198, 210, 254.
S'la, p., 'la, skt., a tree, vatica robusta; sla-grove, 241, 245; sla-trees, 241.
Sam'dhi, p. and skt., trance, abstraction, self-control. Rhys Davids says (B. p. 177): "Buddhism has not been able to escape from the natural results of the wonder with which abnormal nervous states have always been regarded during the infancy of science.... But it must be added, to its credit, that the most ancient Buddhism despises dreams and visions; and that the doctrine of Samdhi is of small practical importance compared with the doctrine of the noble eightfold Path." Eitel says (Handbook, p. 140): "The term Samdhi is sometimes used ethically, when it designates moral self-deliverance from passion and vice."
Sa'mana, p., r'mana, skt., an ascetic; one who lives under the vow, 26, 36, 42, 59, 70, 87, 93, 119, 152, 165, 188, 189, 194, 195, 207, 223; the Samana Gotama, 151, the vision of a samana, 20.
Sambho'ga-K'ya, skt., the body of Bliss.—254.
Sammappadh'na, p., Samyakpradh'na, skt., right effort, exertion, struggle. There are four great efforts to overcome sin, which are: (1) Mastery over the passions so as to prevent bad qualities from rising; (2) suppression of sinful thoughts to put away bad qualities which have arisen; (3) meditation on the seven kinds of wisdom (Bojjhaga) in order to produce goodness not previously existing, and (4) fixed attention or the exertion of preventing the mind from wandering, so as to increase the goodness which exists. [See the Mahpadhna-Sutta in the Dgha-Nikya. Compare B.B. St., p. 89, and Rh. Davids's Buddhism, pp. 172-173.]
Sams'ra, p. and skt., the ocean of birth and death, transiency, worldliness, the restlessness of a worldly life, the agitation of selfishness, the vanity fair of life.—2, 5, 172, 225.
Sa'ngha, p. and skt., the brotherhood of Buddha's disciples, the Buddhist church. An assembly of at least four has the power to hear confession, to grant absolution, to admit persons to the priesthood, etc. The sangha forms the third constituent of the Tiratana or three jewels in[Pg 284] which refuge is taken (the S. B. of the E. spell Sawgha).—56, 61, 64, 68, 69, 71, 86, 92, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 108, 145, 150, 168, 178, 250, 253, 254; sangha maybe expected to prosper, 221.
Sa'jaya, p. and skt., a wandering ascetic and chief of that sect to which Sriputta and Moggallna belonged before their conversion.—70.
Sankh'ra, p., Samsk'ra, skt., confection, conformation, disposition. It is the formative element in the karma as it has taken shape in bodily existence.—155, 157, 158.
Sripu'tta, p., Sripu'tra, skt., one of the principal disciples of Buddha; the Buddhistic St. Peter.—70, 71, 76, 77, 85, 87, 103, 112, 120, 212, 213, 222; Sriputta's faith, 213, 221.
S'vaka, p., Sr'vaka, skt., he who has heard the voice (viz. of Buddha), a pupil, a beginner. The name is used to designate (1) all personal disciples of Buddha, the foremost among whom are called Mah-svakas, and (2) an elementary degree of saintship. A svaka is he who is superficial yet in practice and comprehension, being compared to a hare crossing the stream of Samsra by swimming on the surface. [See Eitel Handbook, p. 157.]—172, 173, 174.
Sati-patth'na, p., Smrityupasth'na, skt., meditation; explained as "fixing the attention." The four objects of earnest meditation are: (1) the impurity of the body, (2) the evils arising from sensation, (3) ideas or the impermanence of existence, and (4) reason and character, or the permanency of the dharma. (Rh. D.B., p. 172.) The term is different from "bhvan," although translated by the same English word. (S.B. of the E. XI, p. 62.—211).
